阿魏菇工厂化栽培及常遇问题解决办法

利用阿魏菇（Pleurotus ferulae Lanzi）A0501菌株进行工厂化袋栽生产工艺试验。主要介绍了阿魏菇的生产工艺流程：母种的制备、原种的制备、茵袋的制备、接种发茵、后熟管理、搔茵与催蕾、修菇及育菇和出菇期管理，以及生产过程中出现茵袋污染和出菇期间发生病虫害的问题和解决办法。在控制污染的过程中，采用高压蒸汽灭菌，无菌过滤单元接种，对发茵棚进行严格的科学管理方法。针对病虫害的防治，采用不同的方法防治不同的病虫害，从而提高阿魏菇生产的经济效益。     

极多产对冷胁迫后黄瓜幼苗恢复生长的影响

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度极多产溶液(壳聚糖的酸性溶液)的处理对其低温胁迫后的生长势和生理生化特性变化的影响.结果表明:在低温胁迫后恢复生长过程中,极多产处理浓度为100mg/L和200mg/L的黄瓜幼苗恢复生长较快,常温下恢复生长15d幼苗的光曲线净光合速率及活性氧清除酶SOD、APX和POD也明显高于对照,同时植株的株高、最大叶面积、鲜重和干重也都显著高于对照.说明适宜浓度的极多产处理能有效地促进冷胁迫后黄瓜幼苗的生长,对低温胁迫有一定的缓解效应.     

中药复方多糖及其均一组分对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

目的:观察从自拟中药复方免疫增强剂中提取的复方多糖及其均一组分对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。方法:将14日龄健康雏鸡660只随机分为12组,每组55只。分别于15、16、17日龄口服黄芪多糖 环磷酰胺、复方多糖 环磷酰胺、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ(多糖均一组分Ⅰ) 环磷酰胺、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ(多糖均一组分Ⅱ) 环磷酰胺、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ(多糖均一组分Ⅲ) 环磷酰胺、黄芪多糖、复方多糖、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ、生理盐水、肌注环磷酰胺。分别在用药前、用药后7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d采血,测定红细胞数量;分别在NDⅣ系疫苗首免后7、14、21 d,二免后7、14、21 d采血、分离血清,测定ND-H I抗体效价。结果:中药复方多糖及其均一组分可使雏鸡红细胞数量、首免和二免后ND-H I抗体效价明显升高,其中以GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ组效果最佳;环磷酰胺可使上述指标明显下降,中药多糖能使环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制逆转至正常水平,复方多糖 环磷酰胺组、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ 环磷酰胺组、GCPS-1-A-Ⅰ组、GCPS-3-A-Ⅲ组与生理盐水对照组相比差异不显著,复方多糖组、GCPS-2-A-Ⅱ组与黄芪多糖组相比差异显著。结论:中药复方多糖均一组分具有很好的免疫增强作用,但是其纯度与免疫增强效果不成正比。     

Effect of NOS on podocytes in hyperlipidemia rats and the protection of simvastatin in podocyte damage

AIM: To investigate the possible effect of hyperlipidemia on golmerular podocytes,the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) availability and the synthesis of NOS in podocyte damage by hyperlipidemia,further to study the protective effect of simvastatin on podocytes.METHODS: 4 groups of Wistar rats were fed high fat diet for 18 weeks.Serum lipid,urinary protein excretion and renal pathological changes were detected.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of desmin.The expression of nNOS was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: The level of serum lipid was increased significantly in hyperlipidemic group and treated group after 4 weeks (P<0.01) and was decreased significantly in simvastatin treated group compared with hyperlipidemic group (P<0.01).Podocyte injury was detected under electronic microscopy in hyperlipidemic group after 4 weeks,and the injury became more serious during the lasting time.The expression of desmin was increased in hyperlipidemic group after 4 weeks,and the level was significantly decreased in treated groups (P<0.01).The urinary protein excretion was increased significantly after 6 weeks (P<0.01),and the level was significantly lower in treated groups (P<0.01).The expression of nNOS was significantly decreased in hyperlipidemic and treated groups (P<0.01),and the level significantly decreased in simvastatin group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia induces podocyte injury.The injury seems to be associated with NO deficiency and decreased renal NOS activity.The injury can be relieved by simvastatin.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘增温效应研究

利用2年沙漠边缘至绿洲4个观测点的气象资料,计算得到感热通量、湍流热量、净辐射、同一高度的气压等,讨论这些要素的时间和空间变化规律,解释绿洲至沙漠气温逐渐增加的原因,以对沙漠增温效应做出进一步的分析,为发挥特定地区的农业气候资源优势,促进农业结构调整和区域经济发展及构建新型农业技术体系提供理论基础.     

土地利用变化与生态服务功能冲突——以安塞县为例

安塞县位于黄土丘陵沟壑区,经济落后,农业生产水平较低.从土地利用和生态服务功能变化与冲突的角度,分析安塞县农业、环境与生态保护的变化过程与相互作用,指出安塞土地利用变化突出表现为坡地耕垦所引发的土地利用结构的改变;生态服务功能的冲突则主要表现为食物生产与水土保持之间的矛盾.通过资源的有效利用,在实现食物安全的同时,水土流失得到有效控制是完全可能的.     

MODIS热红外数据在乌鲁木齐市热岛研究中的应用

利用MODIS热红外数据,在完成几何校正、辐射定标、大气校正、云检测等数据预处理后,利用分裂窗算法反演得到乌鲁木齐2000-2005年1,4,7,10月的地表温度空间数据.在分析典型热温场的基础上,进行了热岛的季节和昼夜变化特征研究.结果表明:时间上,乌鲁木齐在夏季的白天和全年四季的夜晚均存在明显的城市热岛现象;空间上,乌鲁木齐城市和附近的戈壁、荒漠温度较高,近处的中山区和远郊的高山区温度较低,区域内温差较大、热岛强度高.乌鲁木齐城市热岛虽与其他大城市热岛特征在时空分布规律上有较多相似之处,但也有其自身的特性:干旱区城市郊区下垫面较多为戈壁荒漠,因此城市热岛效应在日间并不明显,相反有时会出现"城市冷岛"现象.     

用虚拟水理论探讨干旱区生态用水问题

新疆有限的水资源不可避免地导致绿洲农业经济用水与生态用水的矛盾.虚拟水理论是有别于传统水资源配置的一个新理论.通过分析目前新疆绿洲农业生产用水与生态用水的现状,计算出新疆主要农作物的虚拟水含量,尝试用虚拟水策略探讨干旱区水资源的合理利用,并分析该理论在新疆水资源利用方面的前景,以及存在的一些问题.     

Biomechanical Comparison of the Trocar Tip Point and the Hollow Ground Tip Point for Smooth External Skeletal Fixation Pins

Objective —To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points.
Study Design —An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation.
Sample Population—Thirteen radii from canine cadavers.
Methods —A total of 16 T-tipped and 16 HG-tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low-speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations.
Results —HG-tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T-tipped pins. HG 0.254-mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone.
Conclusions —The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures.
Clinical Relevance —Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin-bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin-bone interface.